Labour and Incomes
Diverse forms of urban and peri-urban agriculture have led to multiple models of income generating activities for city dwellers, most prominently for the urban poor. In Tanzania, urban and peri-urban agriculture is a key livelihood for several people and includes food growing and livestock rearing. Having a dynamic supply chain, urban and peri-urban agriculture offers livelihood and employment opportunities across seed shops, farmers, transporters, wholesalers, retail sellers and consumers. Whereas in India, UPA has captured the growing service sector economy. Across the megacities of India - Pune, Bengaluru and Chennai - social enterprises are offering mali or gardening services to city-dwellers. These malis tend to be migrants from rural areas who already possess farming skills. To cater to the growing demand of fresh food in cities, several firms have also ventured into aquaponics, hydroponics and other tech-driven models, which offer various operation and maintenance jobs for technically-skilled youngsters in the city. Finally, several cooperatives and community farms in and around the city are providing fresh fruits, vegetables and dairy products to urban consumers, employing people throughout the supply chain.
